Combined Vowels

Overall, there are twelve combination vowels. But, here I'll divide into 4 groups to make you easier.

Group 1 : ‘i’ + a, eo, o, u, ae, e

Hangeul	Pronounce	Sound	Examples	Pronounce	Meaning
ㅑ	ya	as in yard	야구	ya-ku	baseball
ㅕ	yeo	as in yawn	여자	yeo-ja	female
ㅛ	yo	as in New York	요리사	yo-ri-sa	chef
ㅠ	yu	as in new	유리	yu-ri	glass
ㅒ	yae	as in yam	얘기	yae-gi	story
ㅖ	ye	as in yes	예	ye	yes

Group 2 : ‘o’ + a, ae, i

Hangeul	Pronounce	Sound	Examples	Pronounce	Meaning
ㅘ	wa	as in Washington	과자	kwa-ja	sweets
ㅙ	wae	as in swam	왜	wae	why

Group 3 : ‘u’ + o, e, i

Hangeul	Pronounce	Sound	Examples	Pronounce	Meaning
ㅝ	wo	as in was	뭐	mwo	what
ㅞ	we	as in wet	웨이터	we-i-teo	waiter
ㅟ	wi	as in weak	귀	kwi	ear

Group 4 : ‘eu’ + i

Hangeul	Pronounce	Sound	Examples	Pronounce	Meaning
ㅢ	ui	as in ‘can we’ if you say it quickly	의사	ui-sa	doctor

Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant ‘ㅇ’ stroke by stroke:

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Other Pure Vowels

In English there are five pure vowels: ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’. There are also many combination vowels, like ‘ea’ in the word wheat, ‘oi’ in the word noise, and ‘ou’ in house. The word Canada illustrates a major problem in learning to pronounce English. The same letter, in this case ‘a’, can have more than one pronunciation. But happily, in Korean each vowel symbol always represents the same sound. So once you’ve learnt the symbols, you will always know how to pronounce the correct sound.

There are nine pure vowels:

Vowels	Roman	Examples
ㅏ	a	as in Canada
ㅐ	ae	as in Canada
ㅓ	eo	as in computer
ㅔ	e	as in bed
ㅜ	u	as in book
ㅣ	i	as in see
ㅚ	woe	as in wet

The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct equivalents in English. They are :

Vowels	Roman	Explanation
ㅡ	eu	The sound of the word ‘e’ in the ‘the’ is close to this vowel.
ㅗ	o	This is the hardest to get right. It is somewhere between the ‘o’ in hope and the ‘or’ in horde. The sound comes from the front of the mouth with your lips forming a circle.

***Note 1 : All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three basic elements: ‘·’ depicts heaven; ‘ㅡ’ depicts earth; and ‘ㅣ’ depicts humankind.

Mouth position of vowels

As you can see from the diagram below, the vowels in Korean depend on how open the mouth is when pronounced and whether the sound is produced from the front of the mouth or the back near the throat. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish between 에 and 애 as they are both pronounced from a similar mouth position with only a very slight difference in the opening of the mouth.

***Note 2 : It is customary for vowels to be preceded by the dummy consonant ‘ㅇ’ when they stand independently: 아, 애, 어, 에, 우, 이, 외, 으 and 오.

Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant ‘ㅇ’ stroke by stroke:

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